Governance planhigh tiersynthetic scenario

Sepsis early warning in the EHR (scenario s01m2, governance level M2 partial)

harm is serious

Status

51%DONE
18 done9 in progress8 open

Risk profile

Clinical proximityAutonomyHarm severityThird party relianceChange over timeData sensitivity

Items by phase

Governance
3
Before deployment
15
After go live
13
Change
4

Items citing each framework

CHAI Responsible AI Guide
28
CHAI Assurance Standards
21
NIST AI RMF
18
JC and CHAI RUAIH
18
ISO/IEC 42001
15
EU AI Act
14
WHO AI for health
10
ONC HTI-1
9
CHAI Applied Model Card
8
FDA PCCP
1

Governance and accountability2 of 3 done

✓G01Name an accountable owner for the toolgovernance leadNIST AI RMFJC and CHAI RUAIHEU AI Act+3

Do Assign one named role as accountable for the tool across its life. Document who decides on risk and who runs day to day oversight.

Evidence Owner named in the AI inventory entry.

Sources

  • NIST AI RMF GOVERN 2.1 and 2.3 (N03)
  • NIST AI RMF GOVERN 3.2 (N04)
  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 1, leadership (J01)
  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 5, voluntary blinded reporting (J09)
  • EU AI Act Article 17, quality management system (E07)
  • WHO AI for health Principle 4, responsibility and accountability (W04)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Clause 5, leadership and AI policy (I01)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A.3, internal organization (I02)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 4, assess (R18)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Governance foundation (R21)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stakeholder roles (R22)
✓G02Review the tool in a multidisciplinary governance groupgovernance leadJC and CHAI RUAIHNIST AI RMFISO/IEC 42001+2

Do Present the tool to a group that spans clinical, safety, IT, privacy, compliance and executive roles. Record the decision and conditions.

Evidence Committee minutes or approval record.

Sources

  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 1, leadership (J01)
  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 1, policy and board (J02)
  • NIST AI RMF GOVERN 2.1 and 2.3 (N03)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Clause 5, leadership and AI policy (I01)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 1, safety (R07)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, accountability (R14)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Governance foundation (R21)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Governance principle (A13)
G03Report use, outcomes and adverse events to the governing boardgovernance leadSet by local policyJC and CHAI RUAIH

Do Include the tool in the regular board report on AI use, outcomes and adverse events.

Evidence Board report that lists the tool.

Sources

  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 1, policy and board (J02)

Before deployment6 of 15 done

P01Document intended use and limitsclinical ownerNIST AI RMFJC and CHAI RUAIHEU AI Act+4

Do Write the intended use, intended users, target population and out of scope uses. State the performance the tool is meant to deliver in this setting.

Evidence Intended use statement or model card on file.

Sources

  • NIST AI RMF MEASURE 3.1 and 3.3 (N10)
  • NIST AI RMF MEASURE 4.2 and 4.3 (N11)
  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 6, risk and bias process (J10)
  • EU AI Act Article 13, transparency and information to deployers (E04)
  • ONC HTI-1 170.315(b)(11), source attributes (H01)
  • WHO AI for health Principle 3, transparency, explainability and intelligibility (W03)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 1, usefulness (R01)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 1, transparency (R05)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, transparency (R12)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Uses and directions (M02)
P02Identify and document risks and biasesquality safety leadJC and CHAI RUAIHNIST AI RMFEU AI Act+4

Do List prospective risks and biases with emphasis on safety and access. Record the mitigations and the residual risk accepted.

Evidence Risk register entry.

Sources

  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 6, risk and bias process (J10)
  • NIST AI RMF MEASURE 3.1 and 3.3 (N10)
  • EU AI Act Article 9, risk management system (E01)
  • ONC HTI-1 170.315(b)(11), risk analysis (H02)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A.5, assessing impacts of AI systems (I03)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 1, fairness (R03)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 1, safety (R07)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, safety (R10)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Warnings (M03)
✓P03Obtain and review vendor validation evidencevendor managerJC and CHAI RUAIHEU AI ActONC HTI-1+3

Do Ask the vendor how the tool was validated and tested. Ask whether the vendor will tune or validate on a sample that represents your patients. Ask how bias was evaluated.

Evidence Completed vendor questionnaire and reviewer notes.

Sources

  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 4, pre deployment requests (J04)
  • EU AI Act Article 13, transparency and information to deployers (E04)
  • ONC HTI-1 170.315(b)(11), source attributes (H01)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 1, fairness and security (R04)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 4, security (A05)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Transparency information (M05)
✓P04Validate performance on local data with domain expertsclinical ownerNIST AI RMFJC and CHAI RUAIHEU AI Act+5

Do Test the tool in the deployment context with clinical domain experts. Tune or test on local data. Record measured performance against intended use.

Evidence Local validation report.

Sources

  • NIST AI RMF MEASURE 4.2 and 4.3 (N11)
  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 6, local validation and ongoing bias checks (J11)
  • EU AI Act Article 15, accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity (E06)
  • WHO AI for health Principle 2, promote well being, safety and the public interest (W02)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A.6, AI system life cycle (I04)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, usefulness (R08)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 3, engineering (R16)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 4, assess (R17)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 3, usefulness (A01)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Key metrics, usefulness, usability and efficacy (M06)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Key metrics, safety and reliability (M08)
P05Check performance across the populations servedquality safety leadNIST AI RMFJC and CHAI RUAIHEU AI Act+5

Do Confirm that testing covers the populations you serve. Report performance by relevant subgroups before go live.

Evidence Subgroup performance table.

Sources

  • NIST AI RMF MEASURE 2.11 (N09)
  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 6, local validation and ongoing bias checks (J11)
  • EU AI Act Article 10, data and data governance (E02)
  • WHO AI for health Principle 5, inclusiveness and equity (W05)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A.5, assessing impacts of AI systems (I03)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 3, engineering (R16)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 3, fairness (A02)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 4, fairness (A04)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Key metrics, fairness and equity (M07)
P06Set data terms in the vendor agreementprivacy officerJC and CHAI RUAIHEU AI ActONC HTI-1+3

Do Define permitted data uses. Prohibit re-identification. Require security compliance. Reserve audit rights with penalties.

Evidence Executed agreement with the listed terms.

Sources

  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 3, data use agreements (J03)
  • EU AI Act Article 10, data and data governance (E02)
  • ONC HTI-1 170.315(b)(11), governance (H04)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A.7, data for AI systems (I05)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, security and privacy (R15)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 3, transparency (A03)
✓P07Address third party risk and plan for vendor failurevendor managerNIST AI RMFISO/IEC 42001CHAI Responsible AI Guide+1

Do Apply your third party AI risk policy. Write a contingency for failure or incident in the vendor tool, model or data. Document the risk controls applied.

Evidence Third party risk assessment and contingency note.

Sources

  • NIST AI RMF GOVERN 6.1 and 6.2 (N06)
  • NIST AI RMF MANAGE 3.1 and 3.2 (N14)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A.10, third party and customer relationships (I08)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 1, fairness and security (R04)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 1, security and privacy (R06)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 4, security (A05)
✓P08Protect patient data and set patient transparencyprivacy officerJC and CHAI RUAIHONC HTI-1WHO AI for health+4

Do Protect patient data from unauthorized use or release. Where the tool directly affects care, notify patients and families, explain how their data are used, and obtain consent where relevant. Address transparency for staff.

Evidence Disclosure text, consent workflow and privacy review.

Sources

  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 2, patient privacy and transparency (J13)
  • ONC HTI-1 170.315(b)(11), governance (H04)
  • WHO AI for health Principle 1, protect human autonomy (W01)
  • WHO AI for health Principle 3, transparency, explainability and intelligibility (W03)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A.8, information for interested parties (I06)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 1, security and privacy (R06)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, security and privacy (R15)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 6, transparency (A10)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Resources (M09)
P09Define who may use the tool and train themtraining leadSet by local policyJC and CHAI RUAIHEU AI ActISO/IEC 42001+2

Do Define which roles may use the tool. Decide whether training is needed before rollout and whether it must recur. Provide role specific documentation.

Evidence Access rules and training record.

Sources

  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 7, education and training (J12)
  • EU AI Act Article 26, obligations of deployers (E08)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A.8, information for interested parties (I06)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A.9, use of AI systems (I07)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 1, usefulness (R02)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 4, assess (R18)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Governance foundation (R21)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Governance principle (A13)
P10Define human oversight and overrideclinical ownerNIST AI RMFEU AI ActWHO AI for health+3

Do Define the roles of people and the AI configuration. Specify who can override or disengage the tool and how an override is recorded.

Evidence Oversight procedure and override log design.

Sources

  • NIST AI RMF GOVERN 3.2 (N04)
  • NIST AI RMF MANAGE 4.1 (N15)
  • EU AI Act Article 14, human oversight (E05)
  • WHO AI for health Principle 1, protect human autonomy (W01)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A.9, use of AI systems (I07)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, safety (R09)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 5, transparency (A06)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 2, fairness and transparency (A14)
P11Publish a model card for the toolclinical ownerCHAI Responsible AI GuideCHAI Assurance StandardsCHAI Applied Model Card

Do Complete a one page model card: intended use and users, population, warnings, model and data facts, key metrics for usefulness, fairness and safety, and references. Keep it current.

Evidence Model card in the AI inventory entry, with version and date.

Sources

  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 1, transparency (R05)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, transparency (R12)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 3, transparency (A03)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 2, fairness and transparency (A14)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Header (M01)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Uses and directions (M02)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Warnings (M03)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Trust ingredients, AI system facts (M04)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Transparency information (M05)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Key metrics, usefulness, usability and efficacy (M06)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Key metrics, fairness and equity (M07)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Key metrics, safety and reliability (M08)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Resources (M09)
P12Assess workflow fit and usabilityclinical ownerCHAI Responsible AI Guide

Do Map where the tool enters the workflow. Test usability with real users. Record the benefit, risk and cost case against the current process.

Evidence Workflow map, usability findings and the benefit risk cost summary.

Sources

  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 1, usefulness (R01)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 1, usefulness (R02)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, usefulness (R08)
✓P13Set the fairness approach and subgroups at riskquality safety leadCHAI Responsible AI GuideCHAI Assurance StandardsCHAI Applied Model Card

Do Define fairness for this use case. List the subgroups at risk. Set how bias will be tested before and after go live. Justify any protected attribute used.

Evidence Fairness definition, subgroup list and bias monitoring strategy.

Sources

  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 1, fairness (R03)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 3, fairness (A02)
  • CHAI Applied Model Card Trust ingredients, AI system facts (M04)
✓P14Run a silent prospective evaluationquality safety leadCHAI Responsible AI GuideCHAI Assurance Standards

Do Run the tool in the background on live data without showing outputs. Compare against outcomes and subgroups. Approve go live only after review.

Evidence Silent run report and approval record.

Sources

  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 4, assess (R17)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 4, fairness (A04)
P15Pilot before scale and set go or no go criteriaclinical ownerCHAI Responsible AI Guide

Do Start with one site or team. Set success criteria for accuracy, reliability, acceptance, cost and workload. Update the risk plan from pilot findings.

Evidence Pilot plan, success criteria and the scale up decision.

Sources

  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 5, pilot (R19)

After go live7 of 13 done

✓O01Write the monitoring planquality safety leadSet by local policyNIST AI RMFJC and CHAI RUAIHEU AI Act+3

Do Name the metrics, the responsible parties, the review frequency and the escalation route. Cover functionality and behavior, comparison of outputs to known parameters, use case outcomes, confidence and data currency.

Evidence Monitoring plan with named metrics, owners and frequency.

Sources

  • NIST AI RMF GOVERN 1.5 (N01)
  • NIST AI RMF MEASURE 2.4 (N07)
  • NIST AI RMF MEASURE 2.6 (N08)
  • NIST AI RMF MANAGE 4.1 (N15)
  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 4, monitoring policy (J05)
  • EU AI Act Article 9, risk management system (E01)
  • EU AI Act Article 12, record keeping (E03)
  • EU AI Act Article 26, obligations of deployers (E08)
  • ONC HTI-1 170.315(b)(11), risk mitigation (H03)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A.6, AI system life cycle (I04)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 6, deploy and monitor (R20)
✓O02Scale monitoring frequency to riskquality safety leadSet by local policyJC and CHAI RUAIH

Do Monitor more often when the tool is close to a clinical decision. Administrative tools can be checked periodically.

Evidence Monitoring frequency recorded against the risk tier.

Sources

  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 4, risk based frequency (J06)
✓O03Track intended versus actual performanceclinical ownerSet by local policyNIST AI RMFJC and CHAI RUAIHEU AI Act+4

Do Track known and emergent risks using intended performance against performance in the deployed context. Document measurable improvements and declines.

Evidence Performance dashboard or periodic report.

Sources

  • NIST AI RMF MEASURE 3.1 and 3.3 (N10)
  • NIST AI RMF MEASURE 4.2 and 4.3 (N11)
  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 4, monitoring policy (J05)
  • EU AI Act Article 12, record keeping (E03)
  • ONC HTI-1 170.315(b)(11), feedback and export (H05)
  • WHO AI for health Principle 2, promote well being, safety and the public interest (W02)
  • WHO AI for health Principle 6, responsive and sustainable (W06)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Clauses 9 and 10, performance evaluation and improvement (I09)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 6, deploy and monitor (R20)
O04Audit for bias during usequality safety leadSet by local policyJC and CHAI RUAIHNIST AI RMFWHO AI for health+2

Do Monitor and audit for bias during use as well as before deployment. Report results to the governance group.

Evidence Periodic subgroup performance report.

Sources

  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 6, local validation and ongoing bias checks (J11)
  • NIST AI RMF MEASURE 2.11 (N09)
  • WHO AI for health Principle 5, inclusiveness and equity (W05)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, fairness (R13)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 6, fairness (A09)
O05Open a channel for users to report problems and appeal outputsquality safety leadNIST AI RMFONC HTI-1CHAI Responsible AI Guide

Do Give end users and affected communities a way to report problems and appeal outcomes. Capture user input and overrides.

Evidence Reporting channel and appeal procedure.

Sources

  • NIST AI RMF MEASURE 3.1 and 3.3 (N10)
  • NIST AI RMF MANAGE 4.1 (N15)
  • ONC HTI-1 170.315(b)(11), feedback and export (H05)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, fairness (R13)
O06Report adverse events and errorsquality safety leadJC and CHAI RUAIHNIST AI RMFEU AI Act+3

Do Report adverse events and ongoing errors to leadership and to the vendor. Record events in the internal incident system. Send locally found issues to the vendor.

Evidence Incident process that names the tool.

Sources

  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 4, adverse event reporting (J08)
  • NIST AI RMF MANAGE 4.3 (N16)
  • NIST AI RMF GOVERN 4.3 (N05)
  • EU AI Act Article 26, obligations of deployers (E08)
  • EU AI Act Articles 72 and 73, post market monitoring and serious incident reporting (E09)
  • WHO AI for health Principle 4, responsibility and accountability (W04)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, safety (R10)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, safety (R11)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 6, security (A11)
✓O07Provide a route for confidential external reportingquality safety leadJC and CHAI RUAIHISO/IEC 42001CHAI Responsible AI Guide

Do Set a process for confidential, blinded reporting of AI safety events to an independent organization. Designate who owns AI quality and safety.

Evidence Reporting procedure and designated owners.

Sources

  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 5, voluntary blinded reporting (J09)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A.3, internal organization (I02)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, safety (R11)
O08Prepare incident response and recoveryquality safety leadNIST AI RMFEU AI ActCHAI Responsible AI Guide+1

Do Follow procedures to respond to and recover from a previously unknown risk. Communicate incidents and errors to relevant parties, including affected communities. Record the response.

Evidence Incident response procedure and test or tabletop record.

Sources

  • NIST AI RMF MANAGE 2.3 (N12)
  • NIST AI RMF MANAGE 4.3 (N16)
  • NIST AI RMF MANAGE 4.1 (N15)
  • EU AI Act Articles 72 and 73, post market monitoring and serious incident reporting (E09)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, safety (R10)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 5, security (A07)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 6, security (A11)
✓O09Measure clinician workload from the toolclinical ownerSet by local policy

Do Count the tasks the tool adds for clinicians and review them with users. This item has no source clause. It is a local consideration.

Evidence Workload measure in the monitoring plan.

Sources

  • Local consideration. No encoded clause.
O10Record overrides and review disagreementquality safety leadSet by local policyCHAI Responsible AI GuideCHAI Assurance Standards

Do Log when users override or ignore the tool. Review the pattern for automation bias and for tool errors.

Evidence Override log and periodic review notes.

Sources

  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, safety (R09)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 5, transparency (A06)
✓O11Control access and review audit logsprivacy officerSet by local policyCHAI Responsible AI GuideCHAI Assurance Standards

Do Limit access to the intended purpose. Keep audit trails of data access and model changes. Review them on a schedule.

Evidence Access list, audit log and review record.

Sources

  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 2, security and privacy (R15)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 5, security (A07)
✓O12Watch for drift and trigger revalidationquality safety leadSet by local policyCHAI Responsible AI GuideCHAI Assurance Standards

Do Track input data and performance against baseline. Set the drift level that triggers review or retraining. Check drift effects by subgroup.

Evidence Drift dashboard, trigger levels and review log.

Sources

  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Stage 6, deploy and monitor (R20)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 3, usefulness (A01)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 6, fairness (A09)
O14Arrange independent reviewgovernance leadSet by local policyCHAI Responsible AI Guide

Do Have a party outside the build or buy team review the tool and its monitoring. Share the findings with the governing group.

Evidence Independent review report.

Sources

  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Governance foundation (R21)
  • CHAI Responsible AI Guide Independent review (R23)

Change and retirement3 of 4 done

✓C01Require vendor notice of changes and revalidate after themvendor managerJC and CHAI RUAIHNIST AI RMFISO/IEC 42001+2

Do Require the vendor to notify you of model changes or updates that may need an unplanned performance check. Revalidate after such changes.

Evidence Contract clause and a revalidation procedure.

Sources

  • JC and CHAI RUAIH Element 4, vendor feedback (J07)
  • NIST AI RMF MANAGE 3.1 and 3.2 (N14)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A.10, third party and customer relationships (I08)
  • FDA PCCP Description of modifications (F01)
  • FDA PCCP Impact assessment (F03)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 6, safety (A12)
✓C03Set criteria and a mechanism to suspend or deactivateclinical ownerNIST AI RMFONC HTI-1

Do Define the performance or outcome departures that trigger suspension. Assign who acts and how the tool is disengaged.

Evidence Suspension criteria and a tested disengage procedure.

Sources

  • NIST AI RMF MANAGE 2.4 (N13)
  • NIST AI RMF MANAGE 4.1 (N15)
  • ONC HTI-1 170.315(b)(11), risk mitigation (H03)
C04Plan decommissioninggovernance leadNIST AI RMFWHO AI for healthCHAI Assurance Standards

Do Plan how the tool will be phased out safely without raising risk, including what replaces it and what happens to data.

Evidence Decommissioning plan.

Sources

  • NIST AI RMF GOVERN 1.7 (N02)
  • NIST AI RMF MANAGE 4.1 (N15)
  • WHO AI for health Principle 6, responsive and sustainable (W06)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 5 and 6, safety (A08)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 6, transparency (A10)
✓C05Review the governance plan on a schedulegovernance leadSet by local policyNIST AI RMFEU AI ActISO/IEC 42001+1

Do Plan periodic review of this governance plan and define the roles for it.

Evidence Scheduled review in the AI inventory.

Sources

  • NIST AI RMF GOVERN 1.5 (N01)
  • EU AI Act Article 17, quality management system (E07)
  • ISO/IEC 42001 Clauses 9 and 10, performance evaluation and improvement (I09)
  • CHAI Assurance Standards Stage 5 and 6, safety (A08)

This plan maps your answers to requirements in published governance documents. Medon is a planning aid that supports your governance committee and counsel. Each mapping to a source document carries a review status.

References

  1. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0). NIST AI 100-1. 2023. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AI.100-1
  2. The Joint Commission and Coalition for Health AI. Guidance on the Responsible Use of AI in Healthcare (RUAIH). 17 September 2025. https://digitalassets.jointcommission.org/api/public/content/dcfcf4f1a0cc45cdb526b3cb034c68c2
  3. European Parliament and Council of the European Union. Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act). Official Journal of the European Union, 12 July 2024. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
  4. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. Health Data, Technology, and Interoperability: Certification Program Updates, Algorithm Transparency, and Information Sharing (HTI-1) Final Rule. 89 Fed. Reg. 1192 (4 January 2024). 45 CFR 170.315(b)(11).
  5. World Health Organization. Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: WHO guidance. Geneva: WHO; 2021. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/341996
  6. International Organization for Standardization and International Electrotechnical Commission. ISO/IEC 42001:2023 Information technology, Artificial intelligence, Management system. 2023. https://www.iso.org/standard/81230.html
  7. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Marketing Submission Recommendations for a Predetermined Change Control Plan for Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Device Software Functions. Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff. 2024. https://www.fda.gov/media/166704/download
  8. Coalition for Health AI. Responsible AI Guide. https://assets.ctfassets.net/7s4afyr9pmov/6e7PrdrsNTQ5FjZ4uyRjTW/c4070131c523d4e1db26105aa51f087d/CHAI_Responsible-AI-Guide.pdf
  9. Coalition for Health AI. Assurance Standards Guide (draft for public comment, June 2024). https://www.chai.org/blog/chai-releases-draft-responsible-health-ai-framework-for-public-comment
  10. Coalition for Health AI. Applied Model Card, documentation v0.1. https://mc.chai.org/v0.1/documentation.pdf ; template and schema at https://github.com/coalition-for-health-ai/mc-schema